What should the Operator Key be stored on to minimize risk?

Storing the Operator Key on a hardware security module (HSM) is the optimal choice for minimizing risk. HSMs are specialized physical devices designed to manage digital keys securely and perform cryptographic operations in a safe manner. They provide a high level of security by ensuring that the cryptographic keys are stored in a tamper-resistant environment, which mitigates risks such as unauthorized access and extraction of the keys.

In contrast to other storage options, HSMs typically incorporate strong physical and logical security measures, such as encryption and access controls, which enhance protection against theft or compromise. The design of HSMs also allows for operations with the keys to occur within the module itself, reducing the exposure of the keys to insecure environments.

While cloud storage, local file systems, and USB drives may offer convenience, they generally lack the robust security features of HSMs and can be more vulnerable to various types of attacks, whether they be remote breaches or physical access. These alternatives also require additional security measures and vigilance to ensure that the keys remain secure, making them less ideal for sensitive information such as the Operator Key.