What type of attacks does isolating the digital vault server primarily protect against?

Isolating the digital vault server is fundamentally aimed at enhancing security for sensitive information stored within it, specifically protecting against advanced types of attacks such as pass-the-hash and golden ticket attacks.

Pass-the-hash attacks exploit local network vulnerabilities where an attacker uses stolen hashed passwords to authenticate as a user without needing to know the actual plaintext password. Golden ticket attacks involve forgery of Kerberos tickets, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to network resources. By isolating the vault server, the architecture ensures that even if attackers gain access to part of the network, they cannot easily reach or exploit the vault where critical credential information is stored.

This isolation creates additional security layers, such as restricting access to authorized users only and reducing the attack surface, which is crucial for defending against such sophisticated methods of compromise that directly target credentials and authentication systems.

In contrast, while SQL injection, cross-site scripting, denial of service, and phishing are significant cybersecurity threats, they rely on different vectors and mitigation strategies. Isolating a server will not substantially impact these types of attacks because they often exploit application vulnerabilities, network traffic, or human behavior rather than directly targeting the vault's security mechanisms.